| 1 | Accuse Your Opponent of Doing What He is Accusing You of (or worse) |
| 2 | Accuse Him of Sliding Down ASlippery Slope (that leads to disaster) |
| 3 | Appeal to Authority |
| 4 | Appeal to Experience |
| 5 | Appeal to Fear |
| 6 | Appeal to Pity (or sympathy) |
| 7 | Appeal to Popular Passions |
| 8 | Appeal to Tradition or Faith ("the tried and true") |
| 9 | Assume a Posture of Righteousness |
| 10 | Attack the person (and not the argument) |
| 11 | Beg the Question |
| 12 | Call For Perfection (Demand impossible conditions) |
| 13 | Create a False Dilemma (the Great Either/Or) |
| 14 | Devise Analogies (and Metaphors) That Support Your View (even if they are misleading or "false") |
| 15 | Question Your Opponent's Conclusions |
| 16 | Create Misgivings: Where There's Smoke, There's Fire |
| 17 | Create A Straw Man |
| 18 | Deny or Defend Your Inconsistencies |
| 19 | Demonize His Side Sanitize Yours |
| 20 | Evade Questions, Gracefully |
| 21 | Flatter Your Audience |
| 22 | Hedge What You Say |
| 23 | Ignore the Evidence |
| 24 | Ignore the Main Point |
| 25 | Attack Evidence (That Undermines Your Case) |
| 26 | Insist Loudly on a Minor Point |
| 27 | Use the Hard-Cruel-World Argument (to justify doing what is usually considered unethical) |
| 28 | Make (Sweeping) Glittering Generalizations |
| 29 | Make Much of Any Inconsistencies in Your Opponent's Position |
| 30 | Make Your Opponent Look Ridiculous ("lost in the laugh") |
| 31 | Oversimplify the Issue |
| 32 | Raise Nothing But Objections |
| 33 | Rewrite History (Have It Your Way) |
| 34 | Seek Your Vested Interests |
| 35 | Shift the Ground |
| 36 | Shift the Burden of Proof |
| 37 | Spin, Spin, Spin |
| 38 | Talk in Vague Generalities |
| 39 | Talk Double Talk |
| 40 | Tell Big lies |
| 41 | Treat Abstract Words and Symbols As If They Were Real Things |
| 42 | Throw In A Red Herring (or two) |
| 43 | Throw in Some Statistics |
| 44 | Use Double Standards (Whenever you can) |
Forty-four Foul Ways to Win an Argument
from The Thinker's Guide to Fallacies
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